2.1 Why
was the defecating duck such a sensation in Paris in 1739? What did it
have to do with the development of the new psychology?
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2.2 Explain the concept of mechanism. How did it come to be applied to human beings?
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2.3 How did the development of clocks and automata relate to the ideas of determinism and reductionism?
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2.4 Why were clocks considered to be models for the physical universe?
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2.5 What
were the implications of Babbage’s calculating engine for the new
psychology? Describe the contribution of Ada Lovelace to Babbage’s work.
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2.6 How did Descartes’s views on the mind-body issue differ from earlier views?
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2.7 How
did Descartes explain the functioning and interaction of the human body
and the human mind? What is the role of the conarium?
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2.8 How did Descartes distinguish between innate ideas and derived ideas?
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2.9 Define positivism, materialism, and empiricism. What contributions did each viewpoint make to the new psychology?
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2.10 Describe Locke’s definition of empiricism. Discuss his concepts of sensation and reflection, and of simple and complex ideas.
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2.11 What is the mental-chemistry approach to association? How does it relate to the idea that the mind is like a machine?
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2.12 How
did Berkeley’s ideas challenge Locke’s distinction between primary and
secondary qualities? What did Berkeley mean by the phrase “perception is
the only reality”?
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2.13 How did Hartley’s work exceed the aims of the other empiricists and associationists? How did Hartley explain association?
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2.14 Compare the explanations of association offered by Hartley, James Mill, and John Stuart Mill.
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2.15 Contrast
and compare the positions of James Mill and John Stuart Mill on the
nature of the mind. Which view had the more lasting impact on
psychology?
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